Linagliptin

 Linagliptin, sold under the brand name Tradjenta among others, is a medication used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2.[2] It is generally less preferred than metformin and sulfonylureas as an initial treatment.[2][3] It is used together with exercise and diet.[2] It is not recommended in type 1 diabetes.[2] It is taken by mouth.[2]

Linagliptin
Linagliptin.svg
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˌlɪnəˈɡlɪptɪn/ LIN-ə-GLIP-tin
Trade namesTradjenta, Trajenta, others
Other namesBI-1356
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa611036
License data
  • EU EMA: by INN
  • US DailyMed: Linagliptin
  • US FDA: Linagliptin
Routes of
administration		By mouth (tablets)
ATC code
  • A10BH05 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability~30% (Tmax = 1.5 hours)
Protein binding75–99% (concentration-dependent)
MetabolismMinimal (~10% metabolized)
MetabolitesPharmacologically inactive
Elimination half-life~24 hours
ExcretionFeces (80%), urine (5%)[1]
Identifiers
IUPAC name
  • 8-[(3R)-3-Aminopiperidin-1-yl]-7-(but-2-yn-1-yl)-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl]-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione
CAS Number
  • 668270-12-0 check
PubChem CID
  • 10096344
IUPHAR/BPS
  • 6318
ChemSpider
  • 8271879 ☒
UNII
  • 3X29ZEJ4R2
KEGG
  • D09566 check
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:68610 ☒
ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL237500 ☒
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC25H28N8O2
Molar mass472.553 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
SMILES
  • CC#CCN1C2=C(N=C1N3CCC[C@H](C3)N)N(C(=O)N(C2=O)CC4=NC5=CC=CC=C5C(=N4)C)C
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C25H28N8O2/c1-4-5-13-32-21-22(29-24(32)31-12-8-9-17(26)14-31)30(3)25(35)33(23(21)34)15-20-27-16(2)18-10-6-7-11-19(18)28-20/h6-7,10-11,17H,8-9,12-15,26H2,1-3H3/t17-/m1/s1 ☒
  • Key:LTXREWYXXSTFRX-QGZVFWFLSA-N ☒
 ☒check (what is this?)  (verify)

Common side effects include inflammation of the nose and throat.[2] Serious side effects may include angioedema, pancreatitis, joint pain.[3][2] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended.[3] Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.[2] It works by increasing the production of insulin and decreasing the production of glucagon by the pancreas.[2]

Linagliptin was approved for medical use in the United States in 2011.[2] In 2017, it was the 200th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than two million prescriptions.[4][5]

Medical usesEdit

Results in 2010 from a Phase III clinical trial of linagliptin showed that the drug can effectively reduce blood sugar.[6]

Side effectsEdit

Linagliptin may cause severe joint pain.[1][7]

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning that the type 2 diabetes medicines like sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin may cause joint pain that can be severe and disabling. FDA has added a new Warning and Precaution about this risk to the labels of all medicines in this drug class, called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.

Trajenta's Prescribing Information[8] states the drug is contraindicated for people with bronchial hyperreactivity (for example, asthma).

Mechanism of actionEdit

Linagliptin belongs to a class of drugs called DPP-4 inhibitors.

TerminologyEdit

Linagliptin is the INN.[9]

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article
 Metasyntactic variable, which is released under the 
Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.